The second goes beyond this summary of conclusions and indicates cates the dialectical framework. He was the first vicepresident of india 19521962 and subsequently the second president of india 19621967. This understanding has been shared with all of us over the centuries through sri ramanuja sampradayam sri ramanuja s. The aim of the article is to make an attempt to outline the greatness of bhagavat ramanuja s divine works. In this bhashya, ramanuja presents the fundamental philosophical principles of visistadvaita based on his. One of indias most influential scholars of comparative religion and philosophy, radhakrishnan is thought of. One is a translation of sankaracharyas brahma sutra and the other is the brahma sutra sribhasya of ramanujacharya. Sribhashya ramanujas commentary on brahma sutra vedanta. A study of shankaracharyas great commentaries on them is indispensable for all students of vedanta. The first work merely enunciates the meaning of the sutras.
Excellent website with vast variety of goods to view and purchase, especially books and idols of hindu deities are amongst my favourite. However, the unusual length and roundness of this lifetime has led scholars to propose that ramanuja was born 2060 years later, and died as many as 20 years earlier than the traditional dates citation needed. Continued from part two the outlook of bodhayana 1. The sanskrit version of the ramanuja gita bhashyam is also available on the website. These sanskrit texts can be viewed on this website in any of 11 indian language scripts, including roman. To comprehend the meaning of brahmasutras and decoding their meaning, one has to be guided by any one of the major commentaries written by the gifted masters and scholars of the yore. Bhadrayanas sutras are mostly dvaita rather than the monistic view of early upanishads. Eliot deutsch and rohit dalvi indicate that advaita vedanta has been influenced by buddhism.
Prasthana trayam basic text to dwell in teaching gita 10 upanishads brahma sutras smrithi prasthanam. If any acharya wishes to establish his own cult or sect or school of thought he will have to write a commentary of his own on brahma sutras. Ramanuja is famous as the chief proponent of vishishtadvaita subschool of vedanta, and his disciples were likely authors of texts such as the shatyayaniya upanishad. His astonishing introduction to his brahma sutra bhashyam bsb, often called the adhyasa bhasyam, is, in my view, one of the greatest texts written on vedanta, and holds the status for me of a sruti. Often with the specific combination it takes specific meanings, such as karmayoga or karmakanda means yoga or actions and path of materialistic activity respectively. Commentaries there have been many on the brahma sutras, but either they are too short and insufficient to be useful for a comprehensive study of the sutras, or are extremely tough and abstruse to be utilised by men of ordinary. Therefore, the soul has cognition alone as its distinct attribute. Ramanuja hindu theologian and philosopher britannica.
The brahma sutra is one third of the prasthana traya, the three sources or three institutes of vedanta, along with the upanishads, and the bhavagad gita. Written by the rishi badarayana, the brahma sutras are the earliest extant systematic exposition and reconciliation of the philosophy of the upanishads. It is one of 3 basic texts prasthana trayam of vedantic teaching. Consideration on some issues arising in the brahma sutra. An introduction to brahma sutras and ramanujas sri bhashya. Because they are brief statements, there could be ambiguity doubt regarding, dvaitam, advaitam. Other features of this website include an easytouse navigation bar, 2book view for comparative study, pdf files for downloading the texts and an annotated list of related websites. An analysis of the brahma sutra swami krishnananda. Of the three great exponents of the phiosophy of vedanta,in south indiesankara, rdmanuja, and madhva, ramanuja cccupleg the central place not only in the order of time, but also in the synthetic beat11y of interpretation. Sri bhagavad geethaa is verily the factual position of the living entities man has no. These, along with the upanishads and the bhagavad gita, form the prasthana traya of the spiritual tradition of india.
The brahma sutra bhasya is an important but difficult vedanta scripture. In this, he firmly refutes the advaita view as proposed by adi shankara in his commentary. A comparative study of the principal commentaries on the brahma sutras introduces the text, which is given in devanagari with english translationcomments according to sribhasya of ramanuja. Sarvagyatma condensed bashyam of brahma sutra called sankshepa shariram. Uttara mimamsa sutrani other names are brahma sutrani, deals with brahma vedanta sutrani, shariraka sutrani atma, vyasa sutram, badarayana sutram. Does not accept ishvara in vyavahara, atheist nir ishvara sankhya, vadi primary opponent of brahma sutra prathama malla hallenger. Being inaccessible in his transcendental form for meditation and worship by sentient beings including brahma, gods, humans etc. Ramanuja gita bhashya in english read bhagavad gita.
Brahma sutra wants to give, liberation and also refute other philosophies as nyaya shastra. Commentaries upon the brahmasutra owing to its importance, the brahmasutra has spawned a rather large number of bhashhyas commentaries which seek to amplify badarayanas very terse writing. Commentaries there have been many on the brahma sutras, but either they are too short and insufficient to be useful for a comprehensive study of the sutras, or are extremely tough and abstruse to be utilised by men of ordinary understanding. Gopalacharyas translation of sudarsana suris longer commentary on sribhashya, with detailed introduction. At the outset, it seems sri ramanuja treated the brahma sutra as the basic text and interpreted it in the light of the comments and explanations offered in the vritti of bodhayana, other vrttikaras, vakyakaras and the revered masters of his tradition purvacharyas. The author of brahma sutra is bhadrayana who composed it in second century b. Bodhayana the vrttikara part three sreenivasaraos blogs. Bhagavat ramanuja was born at shriiperumputhur that is in south india before years approx.
Ramanujacharyas brahma sutra bhashya translated by george thibaut 1904 sri bhashya ramanujas commentary on brahma sutra vedanta sutra sri bhashya also spelled as sri bhasya is a commentary of ramanujacharya on the brama sutras also known as vedanta sutras of badarayana. Brahma sutras according to sri ramanuja book jackets. Sri ramanujas commentary on the bhagavad gita is not so widely known as that of sri sankara. The brahma sutra has some special things to tell us in the course of its varied discussions on almost every topic forming part of the vedanta system of philosophy. Com men tar ies there have been many on the brahma sutras.
More than fifteen commentaries are known to have been written by illustrious seers such as shankara, ramanuja, madhva. In any event a close relationship between the mahayana schools and vedanta did exist with the latter borrowing some of the dialectical techniques, if not the specific doctrines, of the former. Exposition of the sutra of brahmas net edited and translated by a. What are the difference between shankara and ramanuja. Some of the more important bhashhyakaras upon the brahmasutra are shamkara, ramanuja, anandatirtha, nimbaraka, vallabha, baladeva, etc. Sri jayatirtha wrote an extant subcommentary to madhvacharyas anuvyakhyana called nyaya sudha nectar of logic which is considered as magnum opus in madhvacharyas school. Thus, karma in hinduism may mean an activity, an action or a materialistic activity. Sri ramanuja has bequeathed three works on the brahmasutra.
They state in their 2004 book the essential vedanta. Brahma sutra bhasya of shankaracharya exotic india. It is stated that while adi shankara is the exponent of kevala advaita or fundamental monism, ramanuja acharya is an ardent exponent of vishishta advaita or qualified monism, nimbaka acharya is the exponent of bhedaabheda vaada or of. Varadacharya, presenting the background of the various approaches to vedanta sruta pradipika with english introduction 25mb pdf sudarsana suris shorter commentary on sribhashya. Those who wish to study the philosophy of vedanta should study the ten classical upanishads and the brahma sutras. Chapter i of the brahma sutras by swami sivananda, the. An article by sri swami sivananda, the founder of divine life society. Bharat ratna sarvepalli radhakrishnan was an indian philosopher and statesman. Bhagavat ramanuja yatirajas divine works is going to be presented in the email networks as a series, in portions. Ramanuja, south indian brahman theologian and philosopher, the single most influential thinker of devotional hinduism. In this bhashya, ramanuja presents the fundamental. Vedantasara of sri ramanujacharya translated to english by v. As ramanuja s devotion to visnu blossomed, his disgust with this philosophy grew.
He also seemed to support the view that the purva and uttara mimamsa. Vedanta philosophy is based on the teachings of the upanishads. Ramanuja gita bhashya is one of the most popular commentaries on the bhagavad gita. Ramanujacharyas brahma sutra bhashya translated by george thibaut 1904 sri bhashya ramanuja s commentary on brahma sutra vedanta sutra sri bhashya also spelled as sri bhasya is a commentary of ramanujacharya on the brama sutras also known as vedanta sutras of badarayana. About the book the brahma sutras along with the upanishads and the bhagavad gita form the triple canonthe prasthanatrayaof the spiritual tradition of india. In his commentary upon the brahma sutra, ramanuja refers to a varttika explanatory text by bodhayana in which the latter shows familiarity with both the mimamsa sutra and the brahma sutra, and in fact considers them to be two parts of a complete exposition. The brahma sutras are the third of the canonical texts and are regarded as the nyayaprasthana, because they explain the teachings of vedanta in a logical order. Brahma sutra brahma sutras is one of the books of prasthanatraya and is an authoritative book on hindu philosophy. The brahma sutra consists of 555 aphorisms or sutras, in 4 chapters, each chapter being divided into 4 sections each. The brahma sutra makes a statement brahman is to be known. Ramanuja resumed writing his commentary after receiving the clarification from ghostipurna. The exponents of visrgadvaita vedanta, associated with ramanuja, uphold that brahman which is savisesa or endowed with attributes is the one reality as organically related to both sentient souls cit and the nonsentient matter acit both of which are real cidacidvisita brahma.
Ramanujam, vicepresident, triplicane thcnnacharya sampradaya sabha. The traditional biographies of ramanuja place his life in the period of 101717, yielding a lifespan of 120 years. The rest of the brahma sutra is an explanation and elucidation of these four sutras only. Have purchased many items over the years from you with great expectation and pleasure and received them promptly as advertised. In the earlier part, we talked about the fragments of bodhayana vrtti as quoted in sri ramanujas sribhashya his commentary on the brahma sutras. A sutra is concise and lucid, though it is not intelligible without commentary. Adi sankara bhagavadpadas commentary on the brahma sutras by badarayana, the most important text of vedanta is a comprehensive treatise on the philosophical and theological elucidation of this dharma. Ramanuja himself wrote influential texts, such as bhasya on the brahma sutras and the bhagavad gita, all in sanskrit. Jan 04, 2009 sri ramanuja bhasya translated by swami adidevananda on. The difficulty arises due to the definition of god, brahman, given in the brahma sutra, at the very beginning. Krishnaswami had a meritorious career finishing with a professional engineering course at the india institute of science, banglore. The first chapter deals with samanvaya or reconciliation by way of interpretation, the second chapter is called avirodha or noncontraditiction, the third chapter relates to sadhana or spiritual practice and finally the phala or the accomplishment.
In this act of selfembodiment his own transcendental nature was not in any way compromised. Sri ramanuja elucidated them in his famous commentary, sri bhashya, from a theistic standpoint. Sri ramanujas principal commentary on the brahma sutras is known as sribhashya. Ramanuja also wrote a commentary on the brahma sutra, called sri bhasya, which lays the foundations of the vishishtadvaita tradition. He was then selected by the central ministry on an all india basis as a nehru scholar for specialization in the field of petroleum refining at hamburg in the then west germany returning to india he was invited to join the csir pool as. Brahma sutra bhasya or vedanta sutras of adi shankaracharya. The founder of a new re li gious and philo soph i cal school had sim ply to writ e a new com men tary on the brahma sutras so that his v iew may be ac cepted by the m ass of peo ple.
Other commentators on the brahma sutras, belonging to other schools of vedanta, include bhaskara, yadavaprakasa. What are the differences between the schools of vedanta. Here, we are going to just analyze the four sutras briefly for fear of being too exhaustive and so that everyone will be able to go through it and assimilate the meaning. Such is the authority of the brahma sutras, the work of baadarayana. Madhvacharyas four commentaries on brahma sutras are, 1brahma sutra bhashya, 2nyaya vivarana, 3anuvyakhyana, 4brahma sutra anubhashya. The brahma sutras as a moksha shastra swami krishnananda.
The brahma sutras particularly consist of sayings which are so short that we can make no sense by reading the sutra by itself. While dictating his commentary on one particular aphorism of brahmasutra, which describes the nature of the soul, ramanuja said, the soul is nitya eternal and jnata one who knows. The third is the fullest and allsufficient commentary. Such is the au thor ity of the brahma sutras, the work of baadarayana. Brahma sutras according to sri ramanuja book jackets may vary. Ramanuja soon excelled among the students of yadava prakasa and become his teachers favorite student. The vedantasutras, with the sribhashya of ramanujacharya. In vishishtadvaita, systematized by the philosopher and theologian ramanuja c. The work is known by other names including vedantasutra, sarirakasutra, and bhiksusutra. Unfortunately, no copies of this varttika survive to the present day, and it is also. This is a great authority for every philosophical school in india. Bhagavad gita with commentaries of ramanuja red zambala. However, some authors including adi shankara treat badarayana, the author of the brahma sutra, as a distinct person, than krishna dwipayana vyasa, the author of the mahabharata.
Brahma sutra bhasya, vedanta sutras, adi shankaracharya. Vedanta society of southern california 43,361 views. Pradip gangopadhyay and say that among the extant english translations from indian sources, swami gambhiranandas is the closest to shankaracharyas writing. Brahma sutras according to sri ramanuja vedanta press. It systematically summarizes the philosophical and spiritual concepts discussed in the upanishads.
Sri ramanuja was a renowned 11th century scholar, theologian, and social reformer whose profound life and message was an expression of his lucid and thorough understanding of the veda the eternal wisdom of the universe. Sri ramanuja elucidated these sutras from a theistic standpoint in his famous commentary, sri bhashya, this book contains the original text in devanagari with english translation and extensive explanatory notes based on ramanujas commentary, as well as his other works, vedantasara and vedantadipa, and later glosses on his writings. Badarayanas brahma sutras systematize the teachings of the upanishads. If you are looking for an english translation then i agree with sh. Brahma sutras according to sri ramanuja book jackets may. Ramanujacharyas brahma sutra bhashya translated by george thibaut sribhashya ramanujas commentary on brahma sutra vedanta sutra sri bhashya also spelled as sri bhasya is a commentary of ramanujacharya on the brama sutras also known as vedanta sutras of badarayana. The vedanta contained in the upanishads, then formulated in the brahma sutra, and finally commented and explained by shankara, is an invaluable key for discovering the deepest meaning of all the religious doctrines and for realizing that the sanatana dharma secretly penetrates all the forms of traditional spirituality. An analysis of the brahma sutra by swami krishnananda all disturbing and distracting notions in the mind have to be obviated first before we try to plunge into the nature of brahman that is to be known.
Sri ramanuja has bequeathed three works on the brahma sutra. Commentaries there have been many on the brahma sutras, but either they are too short and insufficient to be useful for a comprehensive study of the sutras, or are extremely tough and abstruse to. The brahma sutras is a sanskrit text believed to date from around 450 to 200 b. Sri ramanuja also holds that the jiva assumes the divine body of sri narayana with four hands and enjoys in vaikuntha the divine aishwarya of the lord. Full text of brahma sutra sankara bhashya english translation vasudeo mahadeo apte 1960 see other formats. The brahma sutras are also known as the vedanta sutras and sariraka sutras.
And as said, even though bodhayana the vrttikara is quoted only about seven times in sribhashya, each of those fragments expresses. The brahma sutras contain more than five hundred and fifty small, enigmatic statements, known as sutras. Commentators write pages after pages in explaining the meaning of one. After a long pilgrimage, ramanuja settled in shrirangam, where he organized temple worship and founded centres to disseminate his doctrine of devotion to the god vishnu and his. Consideration on some issues arising in the brahma sutra an. An introduction to brahma sutras and sri ramanuja sri bhashya, and 2. Yadava prakasa preached the theory of nondualism, and stressed the illusion of all form, including the form of sri visnu. Therefore, ramanuja is not right and sankara contends that the brahma sutra says that the soul merges in god in an identity of universality. Chapter i of the brahma sutras by swami sivananda, the divine life society, sivananda ashram, rishikesh, india baadarayana. Brahman and its realisation an analysis of the brahma sutra. Sometimes there is no verb, and sometimes there is only a verb without a subject. For its clarity and brevity, it has no parallels in the world literature. Revelation, consequently, is viewed as the gracious selfmanifestation of the divine to those who open themselves in loving contemplation. This essence of brahma sutras is based on adi shankara bhashya.
Charles muller published by the jogye order of korean buddhism distributed by the compilation committee of korean buddhist thought 45 gyeonjidong, jongnogu, seoul, 110170, korea t. For in it, we find no quotation from other shastra in this introduction to support his statements. The brahma sutras, in addition to recommending meditation, suggest that rituals and rites are unnecessary because it is knowledge that achieves the purpose. The topic of meditation, state the brahmasutras, is the spiritual knowledge of brahman. Krishnamacharya brief commentary on brahmasutra by sri ramanujacharya 494 pages, djvu and pdf. Chapter i of the brahma sutras by swami sivananda, the divine life society, sivananda ashram, rishikesh, india brahma sutras by swami sivananda the. He has also written shorter commentaries for the benefit of easy comprehension. In the sribhasya translation, he has an introduction where he explains in detail the agreements and differences between the two, shankaras brahma sutras and ramanuja s brahma sutras. As such, it is said to be one of the three most influential texts of vedanta, alongside the upanishads and the bhagavad gita. Now you can read the english translation of sri ramanujacharyas sanskrit commentary by swami adidevananda.
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